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1
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ANDERSON CARLOS DE MELO GONÇALVES
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Use of salicylic acid and antiperspirant polymer to reduce the effects of water stress on cowpea crop
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Leader : JOSE DE ANCHIETA ALVES DE ALBUQUERQUE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ALOISIO ALCANTARA VILARINHO
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JOSE DE ANCHIETA ALVES DE ALBUQUERQUE
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JOSE MARIA ARCANJO ALVES
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LEANDRO TORRES DE SOUZA
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WALTER ESFRAIN PEREIRA
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Data: 10 avr. 2024
Ata de defesa assinada:
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Afficher le Résumé
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Among the most harmful environmental factors to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), water stress stands out for negatively affecting any stage of the crop, interfering with plant growth, productivity and survival. Physiological strategies can induce tolerance to water stress, such as the increase of antioxidant defenses through signaling molecules, such as salicylic acid (SA), and the reduction of transpiration flux in plants with the application of antiperspirant polymer (AP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of SA and AP to reduce the damage caused by water stress in cowpea. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in summer (December 2019 to February 2020) and spring (September to November 2020), at the Boqueirão Village, rural area of the city of Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was in randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments consisted of doses of SA and AP combined according to the experimental matrix Compound Central de Box, in addition to a control treatment not subjected to water stress and doses of SA and AP. The variables evaluated were related to growth, flowering, fruiting, chlorophyll indices, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, production and physical and physiological quality of seeds. Data were submitted to canonical correspondence, confidence ellipses and Pearson correlation analysis. The application of SA and AP reduce the effects of water stress on growth, flowering, fruit set, chlorophyll indices, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, production and physical and physiological quality of cowpea seeds. It is concluded that the application of SA and AP reduce the effects of water stress on cowpea.
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2
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SONICLEY DA SILVA MAIA
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VIABILITY OF ARAÇÁ-BOI (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh) SEEDS BY THE TETRAZOLIUM TEST
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Leader : OSCAR JOSÉ SMIDERLE
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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OSCAR JOSÉ SMIDERLE
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ELIAS ARIEL DE MOURA
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JOÃO LUIZ LOPES MONTEIRO NETO
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VANDER MENDONÇA
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VALDINEI MOREIRA DOS SANTOS
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Data: 10 avr. 2024
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Afficher le Résumé
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The aim of this thesis was to adjust the methodology of the tetrazolium test to determine the viability of araçá-boi seeds (Eugenia stipitata), produced in the cerrado of Roraima. This work arose from the need to streamline the decision-making process for choosing the seed lot, since the traditional germination test takes about 180 days to provide information about the quality of the batch of seed in question. Therefore, it was necessary to carry out a review on the use of 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride salt in seeds of native species, especially of the Eugenia genus. This review makes up the first article of the Thesis and provides essential information for carrying out the experiments regarding the use of tetrazolium salt. In the second article, the adequacy of the methodology of the tetrazolium test was carried out, when the pre-conditioning, to determine the viability of seeds of guava-boi (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh ssp. sororia McVaugh) under different times of immersion in solution and size of seeds. The seeds of E. stipitata ssp. sororia need to go through preconditioning. In this case, splitting the seed in half, before immersion in the tetrazolium solution, allows the contact of the salt with the tissue to be analyzed, which, when viable, forms the substance triphenyl-formazan in the tissue. The methodology proposed in the present research reveals that the immersion time of 26 hours in the tetrazolium solution (1% at 26 °C) is indicated in the determination of the viability of fractionated seeds of E. stipitata ssp. sororia regardless of seed size.
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3
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IGNACIO LUND GABRIEL DA SILVA CARMO
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Agronomic yield of melon cultivars planted in two seasons of the year in the Roraima savanna
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Leader : ROBERTO DANTAS DE MEDEIROS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ELIAS ARIEL DE MOURA
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JANDIE ARAUJO DA SILVA
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JOSE DE ANCHIETA ALVES DE ALBUQUERQUE
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ROBERTO DANTAS DE MEDEIROS
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WELLINGTON FARIAS ARAUJO
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Data: 19 avr. 2024
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Afficher le Résumé
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Careful planning and the selection of adapted melon cultivars are essential to maximize yield and fruit quality during a specific planting period, where management practices must be adjusted according to the climatic conditions and the specific needs of the selected cultivars.
This study aimed to analyze the agronomic behavior of different melon cultivars, planted in two distinct cultivation periods, under the climatic conditions of the Roraima savanna. For this, a randomized block design was used, in a subdivided factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The main plots were composed of five melon cultivars (Crucial, Caribbean Diamond, Gladial, Gold Mine, and Natal), while the subplots were constituted by the two cultivation periods (dry season and end of the rainy season). We evaluated total productivity (t ha-1), commercial productivity (t ha-1), the number of fruits per hectare, the average mass per fruit (kg fruit-1), soluble solids (°Brix), hydrogenionic potential (pH), titratable acidity (expressed as % citric acid), the ratio between soluble solids and titratable acidity (RATIO), the pulp firmness (N), as well as conducting an economic analysis. The collected data were submitted to variance analysis and the results were compared through the Scott-Knott test at a level of 5% probability, using the SISVAR software. The results indicate that the Gladial cultivar presented superior performance in terms of fruit production and quality, as well as positive economic returns. This favors the introduction of all evaluated cultivars in the northeastern region of Roraima.
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4
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ASTRID ELENA PEREZ LOPEZ
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RELAÇÕES SOLO, RELEVO, CLIMA E MANEJO DA CULTURA DA BATATA (Solanum tuberosum) NOS ANDES COLOMBIANOS
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Leader : VALDINAR FERREIRA MELO
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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HEDINALDO NARCISO LIMA
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CARLOS ERNESTO GONÇALVES REYNAUD SCHAEFER
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ELPIDIO INACIO FERNANDES FILHO
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SANDRA CATIA PEREIRA UCHOA
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VALDINAR FERREIRA MELO
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Data: 3 mai 2024
Ata de defesa assinada:
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Afficher le Résumé
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Potato is a global food, cultivated in 158 of the 194 countries on the planet, being one of the six most important primary crops in the world along with sugar cane, corn, wheat, rice and oil palm, so constitutes the main non-cereal food for humanity. In Colombia, potatoes are the second product in the basic family basket in terms of per capita consumption (40%), second only to maize. Its cultivation is the main agricultural activity in cold climate regions, counting on native and improved materials for its national supply. Soil assessment is essential to establish their current state, their environmental supply, sustainable production patterns, their degree of fragility, and to estimate the response that these natural systems present to the action of anthropic factors. The objective was to evaluate the chemical and granulometric characteristics of the soils of ten agricultural areas dedicated to potato cultivation, located in the departments of Antioquia and Cundinamarca in the Andean region of Colombia, also to correlating these attributes with relief, climate and management of potato cultivation. Soil samples were collected from the lots and profiles from the areas, also to data on altitude, slope, temperature, humidity relative of air and soil, photosynthetically active radiation and potato crop management. The farms sampled in Antioquia and Cundinamarca presented soils classified as Inceptisols, Entisols and Andisols, which are very acidic, with low fertility for potato crop, despite the application of fertilizers and correctives; high content of aluminum, manganese and iron; non-sodium, high cation exchange capacity, high organic matter content, high variability of chemical characteristics in the same farm and variability in textural classification, tending to be more clayey than sandy. The described profiles presented similar characteristics in the surface horizons. The lots sampled in Antioquia and Cundinamarca were associated into five groups with cut a Gower dissimilarity index of 0.25, according to the variables granulometry, chemical characteristics, altitude, relief, climate and potato crop management. Significant correlations were shown between magnesium and calcium with the sum of bases; temperature with potential acidity; organic matter and altitude; weeding and average temperature on the Earth's surface and relative humidity with photosynthetically active radiation.
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5
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NADIA SOUZA DOS SANTOS
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VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA DA PROTEÇÃO DOS FRUTOS DO ABACAXIZEIRO CONTRA A QUEIMADURA SOLAR EM SISTEMA DE CONSÓRCIO
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Leader : JOSE MARIA ARCANJO ALVES
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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ALOISIO ALCANTARA VILARINHO
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JOSE DE ANCHIETA ALVES DE ALBUQUERQUE
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JOSE MARIA ARCANJO ALVES
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LEANDRO TORRES DE SOUZA
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POLLYANA CARDOSO CHAGAS
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SANDRA CATIA PEREIRA UCHOA
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Data: 7 mai 2024
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Afficher le Résumé
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The state of Roraima presents favorable edaphoclimatic characteristics for the cultivation of pineapple. However, one of the main obstacles to its commercialization is the presence of abiotic damages, such as sunburn, caused by high solar radiation combined with high temperatures that affect the fruits, and it may be unfeasible for consumption both in natura and agroindustry depending on the level of damage to the fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical viability of the protection of the pineapple fruits, whether natural, with the consortium with manioc, or artificial, with different material coverage, against sunburn. Two experiments were carried out in the municipality of Alto Alegre, Roraima. The first was a randomized block design with 14 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of the single plantation of the pineapple (cv. Pérola) with and without artificial protection (TNT) and of the consortium of pineapple with cowpea (BRS Aracê) and cassava (cv. Amazonas) in different spacings (0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00, 1.20 m). The levels of chlorophyll a, b and Total chlorophyll and levels of solar irradiation were evaluated. The pineapple harvest was determined: fruit mass, crown mass, fruit diameter and length, crown length, soluble solids, firmness, the percentage of fruits with sunburn was quantified, classification according to the levels of damage and number of commercial fruits. For the cowpea, the yield of green pod and grain index was evaluated and for the cassava the diameter of the tuberous roots and the productivity were evaluated. From the analysis of the productivity of the commercial part of each crop the analysis of the efficient use of the land was made. In the second experiment, a randomized block design was used in a factorial scheme with an additional treatment (5x2) +1], with three replications, which consisted of five different materials (400 mL of Protex® in 19,6 L of water;, 800 mL of Protex® in 19,2 L of water, transparent PET bottle, transparent PET bottle painted in white and Kraft paper bag) for fruit cover and two cropping systems (single and consortium with cowpea, cv. BRS Aracê) and the control (single and unprotected cultivation). With the harvest of the pineapple it was evaluated: pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity and ratio between soluble solids with titratable acidity, diameter, length, fruit firmness, and the percentage of fruits with sunburn were determined according to damage levels and number of commercial fruits. The natural shade provided by cassava and the artificial cover with TNT, Kraft paper bag, white PET bottle and 800 mL of Protex® reduced the sunburn in the fruits of the pineapple. The absence of fruit protection and the protection with transparent PET bottles reduce the number of commercial fruits and the physical-chemical quality. Cassava spacing of 0.40 and 0.60 m reduces the average mass of pineapple fruits and the irradiation levels that affect the pineapple plants, but soluble solids and chlorophyll content were not influenced. The use of a PET bottle painted in white has the potential to protect the fruits of the pineapple, with the best relation cost/benefit.
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6
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REILA FERREIRA DOS SANTOS
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ESTUDO FENOLÓGICO E CULTIVO IN VITRO DE EMBRIÕES DE 73 CAJARANEIRA-ANÃ (Spondias dulcis Parkinson)
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Leader : EDVAN ALVES CHAGAS
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MEMBRES DE LA BANQUE :
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FRANCISCO XAVIER DE SOUZA
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EDVAN ALVES CHAGAS
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JOÃO LUIZ LOPES MONTEIRO NETO
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RICARDO MANUEL BARDALES LOZANO
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VANDER MENDONÇA
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Data: 8 mai 2024
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Afficher le Résumé
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This thesis aimed to characterize the reproductive phenology and study the in vitro performance of cajaraneira (Spondias dulcis Parkinson) embryos cultivated in the technological showcase of Embrapa Roraima in the municipality of Boa Vista-RR. This work arose from the need to contribute to the propagation process of the species, since in the natural environment there is a slow and uneven germination, which is an obstacle to making cultivation viable. To this end, it was necessary to previously carry out a study on the phenological behavior of the species, focusing on the moment in which the turgidity of vegetative buds began after pruning until the emergence of reproductive buds and the moment of harvest. This research makes up the first article of the Thesis and provides essential information for carrying out the following experiment, which concerns the age at which the fruits are collected with the possibility of finding viable embryos for in vitro cultivation. In the second article, cajaraneira embryo cultivation tests were carried out in-vitro, under different culture media (WPM and MS) and phenological age. It was observed that cultivated cajaraneira plants presented seven of the 10 stages described on the BBCH scale, with stage 9 (senescence) when it was not observed due to irrigation management. Plants require 3840 degree days to complete all stages of growth. The understanding of the phenological stages presented will provide a standardization of the phenological stages for S. dulcis in addition to providing the important stages for planning the cultural practices necessary during the cultivation of the species. Together with the description of the BBCH phenological scale, it was possible to describe the unit of accumulated heat in degree days, which will be a parameter for evaluating climate change and testing the adaptability of genotypes to different environmental conditions. Regarding in vitro cultivation, it is concluded that although no statistical differences were observed for germination, visually, embryos 120 days had the best percentage of germination (55%). Therefore, due to the gain in collection time; greater ease of excising embryos; positive correlation with germination due to their smaller size and satisfactory in vitro development (aerial and root parts), this age (120 167 days) presented potential for embryo propagation. Both culture media provided embryo germination. However, adjustments to in vitro establishment protocols are necessary in order to minimize contamination and loss of embryos. Furthermore, further studies must consider the genetic differences between plants, since they originate from propagation via seminifera and have a direct influence on the estimation of the number of fruits needed to obtain 20 germinated 172 embryos.
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